Bygningsmaterialer og bygging

(1) This document establishes principles and requirements for the safety, serviceability, robustness and durability of structures, including geotechnical structures, appropriate to the consequences of failure. (2) This document is intended to be used in conjunction with the other Eurocodes for the design of buildings and civil engineering works, including temporary structures. (3) This document describes the basis for structural and geotechnical design and verification according to the limit state principle. (4) Design and verification in this document are based primarily on the partial factor method. NOTE 1 Alternative methods are given in the other Eurocodes for specific applications. NOTE 2 The Annexes to this document also provide general guidance concerning the use of alternative methods. (5) This document is applicable for: — structural appraisal of existing construction; — developing the design of repairs, improvements and alterations; — assessing changes of use. (6) This document is applicable for the design of structures where materials or actions outside the scope of EN 1991 to EN 1999 are involved. NOTE In this case additional or amended provisions can be necessary.

1.1 Scope of EN 1993 1 1 (1) EN 1993 1 1 gives basic design rules for steel structures. (2) It also gives supplementary provisions for the structural design of steel buildings. These supplementary provisions are indicated by the letter "B" after the paragraph number, thus ( )B. 1.2 Assumptions (1) The assumptions of EN 1990 apply to EN 1993 1 1. (2) EN 1993 is intended to be used in conjunction with EN 1990, EN 1991 (all parts), the parts of EN 1992 to EN 1999 where steel structures or steel components are referred to within those documents, EN 1090 2, EN 1090 4 and ENs, EADs and ETAs for construction products relevant to steel structures.

This document specifies the special provisions and safety rules for passenger and goods passenger lifts where these lifts are installed in buildings and constructions intended to withstand seismic events in compliance with EN 1998 1:2004 (Eurocode 8). This document does not introduce any specific provisions and safety rules for lifts when ad ≤ 1 m/s2 as defined in Annex A. This document does not address other risks due to seismic events (e.g. fire, flood, explosion). This document is not applicable to lifts installed before the date of its publication.

This document covers the risk of entrapment of users in the car and in the well, and gives the technical requirements for the alarm systems for passenger and goods passenger lifts, as described in the EN 81 series. This includes: - activation of the alarm, - transmission of the alarm, - information for use and maintenance, - site testing to verify the requirements of this document have been met before the lift is used. Excluded are: - the failure of the communication network (see Annex A), including mobile network signal strength or similar; - the failure of the network power supply such that all the lifts in a geographical area create entrapment simultaneously. This document is not applicable to alarm systems for lifts installed before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the fire resistance requirements for lift landing doors which can be exposed to a fire from the landing side. This document applies to all types of lift landing doors used as a means of access to lifts in buildings and which are intended to provide a fire barrier to the spread of fire via the lift well. It also specifies the method of testing and classification of fire resistance of lift landing doors. The test method is only valid for furnaces where the door is mounted in a vertical position. The test method allows for the measurement of integrity and if required the measurement of radiation and thermal insulation. This document covers the hazard of fire spreading to the lift well during a defined period of time. The fire resistance requirements are expressed in terms of integrity (E), insulation (EI) and radiation (EW). This document do not cover other technical requirements in addition to fire resistance requirements. The other technical requirements are specified in relevant product standards referring to this document. This document refers to CO2 as means of tracing the propagation of fire. The document does not cover hazards due to emission of gasses. This document is not applicable to lift landing doors installed in lifts before the date of its publication.

This document gives requirements in order to ensure the safety of persons when using lifts which are subject to different expected levels of vandalism: - Category 1, where lifts are in general public, in locations which are unobserved and limited acts of vandalism might occur, e.g. an enclosed lift in a shopping center; - Category 2, where lifts are in general public, in locations which are unobserved where stronger acts of vandalism can be expected e.g. a lift in a public car park. NOTE See Annex A for further information with regard to the selection of the vandal resistance category to be applied. This document is not applicable to lifts installed before the date of its publication.

1.1 This standard deals with power operated temporarily installed builders hoists (referred to as "hoists" in this standard) intended for use by persons who are permitted to enter sites of engineering and construction, serving landing levels, having a load carrying device: - designed for the transportation of goods only; - guided; - travelling vertically or along a path within 15 degrees max. of the vertical; - supported or sustained by drum driven wire rope, chain, rack and pinion, hydraulic jack (direct or indirect), or an expanding linkage mechanism; - where masts, when erected, may or may not require support from separate structures; - which permits the access of instructed persons during loading and unloading; - which are driven by appointed persons; - which permits, if necessary, during erection, dismantling, maintenance and inspection, the access and travel by persons who are competent and authorised. 1.2 The standard identifies hazards as listed in clause 4 which arise during the various phases in the life of such equipment and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when used as intended by the manufacturer. 1.3 This European standard does not specify the additional requirements for: - operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, strong magnetic fields); - lightning protection; - operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres); - electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity); - handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal, acids/bases, radiating materials, fragile loads); - the use of combustion engines; - the use of remote controls; - hazards occurring during manufacture; - hazards occurring as a result of mobility; - hazards occurring as a result of being erected over a public road; - earthquakes; - noise. 1.4 This standard is not applicable to - builders hoists for persons and materials; - lifts according to EN 8

This document specifies the safety rules related to passenger and goods/passenger lifts installed in existing buildings where limitations enforced by certain building constraints mean that some requirements of EN 81 20:2020 cannot be met. This document is intended to be read and applied in conjunction with EN 81-20:2020. It addresses the following constraints and gives requirements for alternative solutions: - existing perforate walls of the lift well; - reduction in available well are leading to reduced distance between car, counterweight or balancing weight; - counterweight or balancing weight in a separate existing well; - reduced building dimensions and clearances leading to: - reductions in available space for headroom and pit; - reduced car roof balustrade dimensions; - reduced height of sill apron; - reduced height of machine and/or pulley room; - reduced available area for access door/trap door; - reduction in available height of landing doors. This document is not applicable to lifts installed before the date of its publication.

This document applies to mechanical padlocks and padlock fittings used on buildings and general use, and specifies the test methods to be used. This document specifies performance and other requirements for strength, security, durability, performance, and corrosion resistance of padlocks. It establishes one category of use, two categories of durability, six categories for corrosion resistance and six grades for security based on performance tests that simulate attack. Limited manual attack testing is included in this document because the machine testing does not replicate all known manual attacks.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for durability, strength, security and function of sash balances.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for durability, strength, security and function of sash fasteners for windows and door height windows.

This document specifies performance requirements for the strength and durability of hardware for the operation of movable sashes of windows and door height windows including requirements and test methods common to all hardware. This document is applicable to the hardware suitable for windows and door height windows in Table 1, whatever the material used for the construction of the window. This document does not apply to the following: - fusible links, - hardware for lifting side-hung windows, - fixing devices that are used to assemble or install a fixed window, - devices that are used for the permanent fixing of a complete window into a building structure, - mechanisms for the pneumatic or hydraulic remote operation of windows, - single axis hinges (other than those, which provide a pivot-function for windows), - single axis hinges as covered in EN 1935, - hardware for sliding doors and folding doors as covered in EN 1527 - door and window bolts as covered in EN 12051.

This European Standard covers air conditioners, heat pumps and liquid chilling packages, including comfort and process chillers. It applies to factory made units defined in EN 14511-1, except single duct, double duct, control cabinet and close control units. It also covers direct expansion-to-water(brine) heat pumps (DX-to-water) as defined in EN 15879-1. This European Standard also covers hybrid heat pumps as defined in this standard. This European Standard gives the temperatures and part load conditions and the calculation methods for the determination of seasonal energy efficiency SEER and SEERon, seasonal space cooling energy efficiency ηs,c seasonal coefficient of performance SCOP, SCOPon and SCOPnet, and seasonal space heating energy efficiency ηs,h and seasonal energy performance ratio SEPR. Such calculation methods may be based on calculated or measured values. In case of measured values, this European Standard covers the test methods for determination of capacities, EER and COP values during active mode at part load conditions. It also covers test methods for electric power consumption during thermostat-off mode, standby mode, off-mode and crankcase heater mode. NOTE 1 The word "unit" is used instead of the full terms of the products. NOTE 2 The word "cooling" is used to refer to both space cooling and process cooling. NOTE 3 The word "heating" is used to refer to space heating.