Petroleumsteknologi og beslektet teknologi

This document describes a method to firstly identify the specific nature of oils spilled in the environment and secondly compare the chemical composition of spilled oil or oily samples with that of suspected sources. Specifically, the document describes the detailed analytical methods and data processing specifications for identifying the specific nature of oil spills and establishing their correlation to suspected sources. Even when samples or data from suspected sources are not available for comparison, establishing the specific nature (e.g. refined petroleum, crude oil, waste oil, etc.) of the spilled oil may still help constrain the possible source(s) of the spilled oil. This methodology is restricted to petroleum related products containing a significant proportion of hydrocarboncomponents with a boiling point above 150°C. Examples are: crude oils, higher boiling condensates, diesel oils, residual bunker or heavy fuel oils, lubricants, and mixtures of bilge and sludge samples, as

This document specifies methods for reducing combined samples to laboratory samples and laboratory samples to sub-samples and general analysis samples. The methods described in this document may be used for sample preparation, for example, when the samples are to be tested for bulk density, biomass determination, durability, particle size distribution, moisture content, ash content, ash melting behaviour, calorific value, chemical composition, and impurities. The methods are not intended to be applied to the very large samples required for the testing of bridging properties.

This document covers functional and technical requirements for design of Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS) part of an oil & gas production and/or processing facility.

IACS is the collection of personnel, hardware, and software that can affect or influence the safe, secure, and reliable operation of industrial processes.

This document applies to end-user companies and others that are in need of requirements addressing an open, secure, and interoperable IACS solution that is based on industry standards and practices valid at publication, and that utilise one central control room for operation of the facility.

The IACS architecture described will enable a safe, secure and efficient management of hardware and software, flexible vertical integration of operational technology (OT)/information technology (IT) functions, and low effort horizontal integration of control and monitoring functions between industrial control systems.

This revision of the standard seeks not to prevent use of near-future technology concepts that are currently under development. Example can be IEEE’s ethernet advanced physical layer (APL) communication and time sensitive networking (TSN), open group’s open process automation (OPA), and NAMUR’s open architecture (NOA).

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