Petroleumsteknologi og beslektet teknologi

<p>This document specifies the general aspects of polyethylene (PE) piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels.</p><p>It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document.</p><p>In conjunction with <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4437-2:2021</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU12: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO DIS 4437-2:2021&#x0022;?>, <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4437-3:2021</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU13: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO DIS 4437-3:2021&#x0022;?>, <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4437-4</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU14: ISO DIS&#x00A0;4437-4: current stage is 20.00?>, and <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4437-5:2021</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU15: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO&#x00A0;DIS&#x00A0;4437&#x2011;5:2021&#x0022;?>, it is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions:</p><list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><label>a)</label><p>a maximum operating pressure (MOP) up to and including 10 bar<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_1">¹</xref><fn id="fn_1"><label>¹</label><p> 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 10⁵ Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm².</p></fn>, at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes,</p></list-item><list-item><label>b)</label><p>an operating temperature between -20 °C and 40 °C.</p></list-item></list><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 1</label><p>For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are defined in <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4437-5:2021</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU16: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO&#x00A0;DIS&#x00A0;4437&#x2011;5:2021&#x0022;?>.</p></non-normative-note><p><std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437 (all parts)</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU17: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?> covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours.</p><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 2</label><p>It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.</p></non-normative-note>

<p>This document specifies the general aspects of pipes made of polyethylene (PE) for piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels.</p><p>It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document.</p><p>In conjunction with Parts 1 and 3 to 5 of <std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU11: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?>, it is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions:</p><list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><label>a)</label><p>a maximum operating pressure, MOP, up to and including 10 bar<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_1">¹</xref><fn id="fn_1"><label>¹</label><p> 1 bar = 0,1 MPa. = 10⁵ Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm².</p></fn> at a reference temperature of 20 ⁰C for design purposes</p></list-item><list-item><label>b)</label><p>an operating temperature between -20 ⁰C and 40 ⁰C</p></list-item></list><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 1</label><p>For operating temperatures between 20 ⁰C and 40 ⁰C, derating coefficients are defined in <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4437-5:2021</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU12: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO&#x00A0;DIS&#x00A0;4437&#x2011;5:2021&#x0022;?>.</p></non-normative-note><p><std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU13: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?> covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours.</p><p>It covers three types of pipes:</p><list list-type="dash"><list-item><label>—</label><p>PE pipes (outside diameter <italic>d</italic>_n) including any identification stripes;</p></list-item><list-item><label>—</label><p>PE pipes with co-extruded layers on either or both the outside and/or inside of the pipe (total outside diameter <italic>d</italic>_n) as specified in <xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_A">Annex A</xref>, where all PE layers have the same MRS rating. A coextruded pipe made of a combination of PE 100 and PE 100-RC layers shall be regarded as PE 100 and marked accordingly;</p></list-item><list-item><label>—</label><p>PE pipes (outside diameter <italic>d</italic>_n) with a peelable and contiguous thermoplastics additional layer on the outside (‘coated pipe’) as specified in <xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_B">Annex B</xref>.</p></list-item></list><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 2</label><p>It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.</p></non-normative-note>

<p>This document specifies the characteristics of fusion fittings made from polyethylene (PE) as well as of mechanical fittings for piping systems in the field of the supply of gaseous fuels.</p><p>It also specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document.</p><p>In conjunction with Parts 1, 2, 4, and 5 of <std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU11: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?>, it is applicable to PE pipes, fittings and valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions:</p><list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><label>a)</label><p>a maximum operating pressure (MOP), up to and including 10 bar<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_1">¹</xref><fn id="fn_1"><label>¹</label><p> 1 bar = 0,1 MPa. = 10⁵ Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm².</p></fn> at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes;</p></list-item><list-item><label>b)</label><p>an operating temperature between - 20 °C and 40 °C.</p></list-item></list><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 1</label><p>For operating temperatures between 20 °C and 40 °C , derating coefficients are defined in <std><std-ref>ISO/DIS 4437-5:2021</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU12: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO/DIS&#x00A0;4437&#x2011;5:2021&#x0022;?>.</p></non-normative-note><p><std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437 (all parts)</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU13: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?> covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours.</p><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 2</label><p>It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from these aspects, taking into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.</p></non-normative-note><p>This document is applicable for fittings of the following types:</p><list list-type="bullet"><list-item><label>—</label><p>electrofusion socket fittings;</p></list-item><list-item><label>—</label><p>electrofusion saddle fittings;</p></list-item><list-item><label>—</label><p>spigot end fittings (for butt fusion using heated tools and electrofusion socket fusion);</p></list-item><list-item><label>—</label><p>socket fusion fittings;</p></list-item><list-item><label>—</label><p>mechanical fittings.</p></list-item></list><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 3</label><p>The fittings can be for example, in the form of couplers, saddles, equal and reduced tees, reducers, elbows, bends, or end caps.</p></non-normative-note><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 4</label><p>Fabricated fittings are normally not used for gas applications except for larger dimensions or in the absence of other solutions. Guidance can be found in <std><std-ref>ISO DIS 4427-3:2019</std-ref>, Annex B</std><?authorquery AU14: Invalid reference: &#x0022;ISO DIS 4427-3:2019&#x0022;?> [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="ref_25">2</xref>].</p></non-normative-note>

<p>This document specifies the requirements of fitness for purpose of the polyethylene (PE) piping system to be used for the supply of gaseous fuels.</p><p>It specifies the definitions of electrofusion, socket fusion, butt fusion, and mechanical joints.</p><p>It specifies the method of preparation of test piece joints and the tests to be carried out on these joints for assessing the fitness for purpose of the system under normal and extreme conditions.</p><p>It specifies the test parameters for the test methods referred to in this document.</p><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 1</label><p>This document is intended only to be used by the product manufacturer to assess the performance of components according to <std><std-ref>ISO/DIS 4437-2</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU11: ISO/DIS 4437-2: current stage is 40.00?>, <std><std-ref>ISO/DIS 4437-3</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU12: ISO/DIS 4437-3: current stage is 40.00?>, and <std><std-ref>ISO/DIS 4437-4</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU13: ISO/DIS 4437-4: current stage is 20.00?> when joined together under normal and extreme conditions in accordance with this document. It is not intended for on-site testing of pipe systems.</p></non-normative-note><p>In conjunction with Parts 1 to 4 of <std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU14: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?>, it is applicable to PE pipes, fittings, valves, their joints, and joints with components of PE and other materials intended to be used under the following conditions:</p><list list-type="alpha-lower"><list-item><label>a)</label><p>the maximum operating pressure (MOP), up to and including 10 bar<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn_1">¹</xref><fn id="fn_1"><label>¹</label><p> 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 10⁵ Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm².</p></fn> at a reference temperature of 20 °C for design purposes;</p></list-item><list-item><label>b)</label><p>an operating temperature between -20 °C and 40 °C.</p></list-item></list><non-normative-note><label>NOTE 2</label><p>For other operating temperatures between, 20 °C and 40 °C, derating coefficients are defined in <xref ref-type="app" rid="sec_A">Annex A</xref>.</p></non-normative-note><p><std std-id="iso:std:iso:4437:en" type="undated"><std-ref>ISO 4437 (all parts)</std-ref></std><?authorquery AU15: The reference is to a withdrawn standard which has been replaced<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-1, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 1: General<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-2, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 2: Pipes<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-3, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels &#x2014; Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 3: Fittings<break/><break/>ISO&#x00A0;4437-5, Plastics piping systems for the supply of gaseous fuels - Polyethylene (PE) &#x2014; Part 5: Fitness for purpose of the system?> covers a range of maximum operating pressures and gives requirements concerning colours.</p>